Entrepreneurship And Selling Essay Example for Free

Enterprise And Selling Essay 1.0 Introduction There are different sorts of white espresso are selling in the market at present. In this way, I might want to share about my new image of white espresso, Fah Sin white espresso. As we as a whole know, this industry in Malaysia is notable, with various brands, for example, Old Town White Coffee, Nescafe White Coffee, Ipoh White Coffee thus numerous others. For this item that I am going to share, is it completely claimed without anyone else. Hence, this is a completely sole-owner organization. Before we go any further, let us glance through the historical backdrop of white espresso. White Coffee is a local result of Malaysia. Malaysia Origin White Coffee is made of very much picked Liberica, Arabica and Robusta espresso beans and premium skim milk, handling in mellow low-temperature preparing and exceptional procedure to evacuate the severe and harsh taste cause by high-temperature flame broiled, and limit the caffeine, sharpness and acridity to the most reduced with no added substances included, extraordinary smell, delicate to stomach and hold the first shading and kind of espresso, the shading is more gentler than the customary espresso, light brilliant yellow with unadulterated old style taste. The white espresso is a remarkable espresso drinks in Malaysia with around 100 years of history. White espresso doesn’t mean the shade of espresso is white; it is made of very much picked Liberica, Arabice and Robusta espresso beans, preparing without caramel at direct low-temperature which takes 2.5 occasions longer than the high-temperature charcoal heating, and granulate into espresso powder. It evacuates the sear and acrid taste cause by normal high temperature singed and charcoal simmered, yet holds the common flavor and rich smell of the espresso, significant fragrant and perfection. Delicate to stomach, don't get aroused, low caffeine, unadulterated gentle quality, suits the prerequisites for present day taste of existence with extraordinary smell. 2.0 General Macro Environment Elements. Enterprise can be characterized as the technique for using one’s individual innovativeness and creativity to get changes to a previously existing business or to start another business with the end goal of creating and growing it and make it a financially gainful endeavor. To guarantee this new item could make a triumph and another effect on the general population, we need to consider the endeavors of condition evaluation. The accompanying chart gives a more clear vision of the significant pieces of the evaluation. As a business person, we need to take a gander at the variables that is encompassing in our general public, so as to accomplish the objective deals that we plan. The large scale conditions incorporate the significant powers that demonstration on the firm itself, yet in addition on its rivals and on components in the miniaturized scale condition. The large scale condition will in general be harder to impact than does the small scale condition, however this doesn't imply that organizations should just stay uninvolved; the powerlessness to control doesn't infer a failure to impact. Frequently the full scale condition can be impacted by acceptable advertising exercises. The primary components of the full scale condition are known as PEST, which implies: P †Political and Legislation. E †Economy S †Socio-Cultural T †Technology 2.1 Political and Legislation †Political factors regularly sway on business: late models are the overall development towards privatization of previous government-possessed utilities and organizations, and the move away from assurance of workers’ rights. Firms should have the option to react to the predominant political atmosphere, and alter the promoting strategy as needs be. For instance, British Telecom, Deutsche Telekom and Telstra of Australia have all needed to make significant rearrangements to their advertising approaches since being privatized, and specifically since seeing a rise in serious levels. Practically all the firms’ exercises have been influenced, from cutting the lead time among requesting and acquiring another phone, through to value rivalry because of competitors’ cut-cost significant distance and universal calls. English Telecom was the UK’s fifth greatest high-roller on promoting during 2003. This portion is the field where diverse intrigue bunches go after consideration and assets. This is the place I can practice my political force by obeying and stick to the approach, enactment and guidelines on how the business works. There are 2 kinds of issue which we have to consider, which is the worldwide issues and the national issues. With respect to my organization, I will just need to watch the national issues, where tax collection and guidelines are increasingly significant. The explanation is on the grounds that the effect of tax collection on business activities can decrease the money accessible for undertakings to contribute while some assessments are good for just certain business and disadvantageous to other people. 2.2 Economy †Economic components envelop such regions as the blast/bust cycle, and the development in joblessness in certain pieces of the nation because of the end of customary ventures. Large scale financial variables manage the administration of interest in the economy; the fundamental components governments use for this are loan cost controls, tax assessment arrangement and government use. In the event that the administration expands consumption (or decreases tax assessment), there will be more cash in the economy and request will rise; if tax collection is expanded (or use cut), there will be less cash for shoppers to spend, so request will recoil. Increases in financing costs will in general diminish request, as home advances become increasingly costly and Visa charges rise. This factor assumes a fundamental job in the achievement or disappointment of another business. As a business visionary, we have to examine this factor at the worldwide, national and neighborhood level s. In the interim, we should likewise examine, screen, figure and evaluate the macroeconomic elements that can influence the new business. 2.3 Socio-Cultural †This factor comprises of two significant related angles: 2.3.1 Demographic changes: It occurs because of changes in the populace, ethnic gatherings, and populace structures as indicated by age, sex, topographical area, and their salary. These components will plainly give the information of consumers’ request, purchasing power and mechanical limit. We have to survey these adjustments so as to distinguish our business openings. Segment changes can effectsly affect organizations: the declining birth rate in most Western nations obviously affects deals of infant items, yet will inevitably affect the arrangement of state benefits as the resigned must be bolstered by an ever-contracting number of individuals of working age. In like manner, changes in the ethnic structure of urban areas or in the populace focus (with barely any individuals living in the downtown areas of huge urban areas) cause changes in the interest for nearby administrations and retailers, and (all the more unobtrusively) changes in the sort of merchandise and enterprises requested. 2.3.2 Social patterns: This identify with the way of life of an individual. We likewise need to screen the way of life changes so as to distinguish business openings. In any case, yet, as a business person, we likewise need to estimate and survey the importance of changes for our business by taking a gander at their own personal circumstance. 2.4 Technology †This is additionally a fundamental factor for another endeavor through item improvement and commercialization. Mechanical change occurs in two structures: 2.4.1 Pure Invention: This alludes to the formation of something new that is unique in relation to existing innovation or item. Typically it has monetary worth and has no contenders at starting stages and it is frequently restraining infrastructure by person. Be that as it may, there will be no market at the beginning time. Then again, new innovations can make new markets and open doors for business. For instance, the development of semiconductors made business openings in PCs and cell phones. 2.4.2 †Process Innovation: This alludes to the little changes in plan, item detailing and assembling, materials and conveyance. Filtering and checking changes in innovation are difficult assignments because of data isn't effectively accessible. 3.0 Elements of Macro Environment That Affects Our Organization. At the absolute starting point, we have glance through all the main considerations or the large scale condition components. Would we be able to find what the components that may influence our new business are? We need to gather more data and information before we can dispatch another item and to do explores about our country’s current circumstance. 3.1 - Political and Legislation: Malaysia is a serene nation. We have no wars contrasted with different nations like Israel or Pakistan. We have additionally numerous sorts of ethnic in Malaysia, where we have malay, chinese, Indian, kadazan thus numerous others. Our enactment is constrained by our decision government and we in every case live in harmony and amicability. 3.2 - Economy: Malaysia economy is developing quickly, with numerous abroad financial specialists and furthermore new pursuits. This expanded the working chances and the normal salary of a nearby resea rcher is RM 1800.00 †RM 2500.00, and along these lines this will likewise assist with expanding the purchasing power. 3.3 - Socio-Cultural: If we look carefully to the way of life of the working grown-ups, we are consistently occupied and continually searching for something moment to eat or drink during in the workplace. In this manner, our new white espresso is exceptionally helpful and appropriate for working grown-ups as it is a 3 of every 1 espresso parcel. Drinking espresso additionally consider as a culture to working grown-ups, to support up their endurance while at work. 3.4 Technology: As for this white espresso, we have our own one of a kind innovative work group. We are additionally intending to include other home grown plants into this white espresso as an added substance fixings with the goal that our espresso will taste better contrasted with other brand. Business enterprise, as examined prior, includes all the parts of the new pursuit and the business visionary can confront difficulties from every one of them. For cases, the accounts for

Municipal Recycling Is Not Mandatory in All U.S. Cities

Metropolitan Recycling Is Not Mandatory in All U.S. Urban areas Obligatory reusing is a hard sell in the United States, where the economy runs to a great extent along free market lines and landfilling waste stays reasonable and effective. At the point when the examination firm Franklin Associates analyzed the issue 10 years back, it found that the estimation of the materials recouped from curbside reusing was far not exactly the additional expenses of assortment, transportation, arranging and handling acquired by districts. Reusing Often Costs More Than Sending Waste to Landfills Straightforward, reusing still costs more than landfilling in many regions. This reality, combined with the disclosure that the supposed â€Å"landfill crisis† of the mid-1990s may have been exaggerated a large portion of our landfills despite everything have a significant limit and don't present wellbeing perils to encompassing networks implies that reusing has not gotten in transit a few naturalists were trusting it would. Instruction, Logistics and Marketing Strategies Can Lower Recycling Costs In any case, numerous urban areas have discovered approaches to reuse monetarily. They have reduced expenses by downsizing the recurrence of curbside pickups and robotizing arranging and handling. They’ve likewise discovered bigger, increasingly rewarding markets for the recyclables, for example, creating nations anxious to reuse our push off things. Expanded endeavors by green gatherings to instruct the general population about the advantages of reusing have additionally made a difference. Today, many U.S. urban areas are occupying as much as 30 percent of their strong waste streams to reusing. Reusing Is Mandatory in Some U.S. Urban communities While reusing stays a possibility for most Americans, a couple of urban communities, for example, Pittsburgh, San Diego, and Seattle, have made reusing required. Seattle passed its compulsory reusing law in 2006 as a manner to counter declining reusing rates there. Recyclables are currently restricted from both private and business trash. Organizations must sort for reusing all paper, cardboard and yard squander. Family units must reuse all essential recyclables, for example, paper, cardboard, aluminum, glass, and plastic. Required Recycling Customers Fined or Denied Service for Non-Compliance Organizations with trash compartments â€Å"contaminated† with more than 10 recyclables are given admonitions and in the long run fines in the event that they don’t consent. Family unit trash jars with recyclables in them are just not gathered until the recyclables are expelled to the reusing canister. In the interim, a bunch of different urban areas, including Gainesville, Florida and Honolulu, Hawaii, expect organizations to reuse, however not yet living arrangements. New York City: A Case Study for Recycling In maybe the most well known instance of a city putting reusing to the monetary test, New York, a national chief on reusing, chose to stop its least savvy reusing programs (plastic and glass) in 2002. In any case, rising landfill costs gobbled up the $39 million reserve funds anticipated. Thus, the city reestablished plastic and glass reusing and focused on a 20-year contract with the country’s biggest private reusing firm, Hugo Neu Corporation, which constructed a best in class office along South Brooklyn’s waterfront. There, mechanization has smoothed out the arranging procedure, and its simple access to rail and canal boats has cut both the natural and transportation costs recently caused by utilizing trucks. The new arrangement and new office have made reusing substantially more proficient for the city and its inhabitants, demonstrating for the last time that capably run reusing projects can really set aside cash, landfill space, and the earth. EarthTalk is a normal element of E/The Environmental Magazine. Chosen EarthTalk sections are reproduced on About Environmental Issues by consent of the editors of E.

Electrochemical Process of Anodizing Aluminum †Science Essay

Electrochemical Process of Anodizing Aluminum †Science Essay Free Online Research Papers Electrochemical Process of Anodizing Aluminum Science Essay In the 1920’s, aluminum immediately got one of the most significant metals on the planet because of its lightweight, quality, creation adaptability and toughness. Soon after, anodizing was created to give the compound an incredibly hard, tough, consumption safe completion that was dependable. In the wake of perusing this paper, you will effectively comprehend the anodizing procedure and why it makes for such a decent completion on almost all combination metals. Anodizing likewise has numerous advantages with not many side-effects and is extremely practical. You may ask yourself, what is anodizing and how is it achieved? To streamline the procedure, anodizing is just an electrochemical procedure by which aluminum is changed over into and aluminum oxide on the outside of a section. The procedure is genuinely basic including of an anodizing arrangement normally made of sulfuric corrosive. A cathode is set to the negative terminal of a voltage source and put in the arrangement, while an aluminum piece is associated with the positive voltage source and put in the acidic arrangement. At the point when the circuit is turned on, the oxygen in the acidic arrangement will be expelled from the water particles and join with the aluminum on the part to frame an aluminum oxide covering. The resultant completion expands consumption opposition; builds wear obstruction, can be shaded through kicking the bucket, and is likewise an astounding base for preliminary or other auxiliary coatings. Throughout the most recent couple of decades, various kinds of anodizing forms have been grown, yet there are three fundamental varieties utilized in aluminum anodizing. Chromic anodizing utilizes a chromic corrosive electrolyte to yield the most slender covering out of the three primary sorts of anodizing running from .05 to .1 millimeters thick. Chromic anodizing likewise decreases the weakness quality of the aluminum not exactly the other three techniques. Sulfuric anodizing produces a covering under 1 millimeter thick that is likewise more solid than a chromic finish. Sulfuric completions produce magnificent outcomes from coloring yielding profound and rich hues. The third normal procedure is known as hard coat anodizing. An amalgam with a hard coat finish will be the most impervious to wear and typically utilized in high wear circumstances. Anodizing is one of only a handful hardly any completions that fulfill almost the entirety of the variables that ought to be viewed as while considering an aluminum finish. On of the most significant variables is toughness. Anodized items have an incredibly long life expectancy and require next to no upkeep. Scars and wear marks from manufacture and taking care of are nearly non-existent and a basic cleaning with gentle cleanser and water for the most part restores the completion to its unique condition. Another explanation anodizing has become so well known is a direct result of the a wide range of ways and dynamic hues accessible to cover a combination with. Shading is ordinarily gotten through two unique techniques. The main strategy is known as electrolytic shading and is a two stage technique. After the composite is anodized, the metal is drenched in a shower containing inorganic metal salt. Current is applied which stores the metal salt in the base of the pores. The resultant shading is dependant on the material utilized and the handling conditions. Generally utilized metals incorporate tin, cobalt, nickel, and copper. This procedure is the most flexible and the most actually propelled shading quality. The subsequent strategy, known as basic shading, consolidates anodizing and shading to at the same time structure and shading the oxide cell. Necessary shading is the most costly procedure since it requires altogether increasingly electrical capacity to create a similar completio n. Shading coatings are entirely steady to bright beams and don't chip or strip. Right now, there are many shading choices and styles accessible with anodizing. In any case, anodizing offers the combination to hold its metallic appearance not at all like artistic creation or powder covering. From the start, anodizing may give off an impression of being a hazardous procedure. Be that as it may, anodizing is natural amicable and moderately alright for human contact. Anodizing utilizes straightforward water-based synthetic concoctions that can be handily treated and discharge no destructive side-effects. The fluid side-effects are reused and come back to the anodizing procedure. Strong side-effects are isolated and extricated for use in the assembling of aluminum, preparing powder, beautifying agents, newsprint, compost, and water cleaning frameworks. The primary side-effect caused from the anodizing procedure made basically out of aluminum hydroxide, some aluminum sulfate, and water. Be that as it may, this result is innocuous on the grounds that it contains no huge measures of overwhelming metals. Anodizing plants must be all around ventilated and laborers are painstakingly prepared for acidic material use. Negligible defensive gear is required and no costly, overwhelming , wellbeing hardware is required. Through numerous times of work, anodizing has advanced into probably the best completion accessible for amalgam metals. It might be the toughness of the completion, the unequaled bond, the dynamic hues, the outrageous protection from erosion and wear, or the ecologically sheltered procedure used to acquire the completion. These characteristics make anodizing the head finish and sets the bar to which all other amalgam completions ought to be contrasted with. Research Papers on Electrochemical Process of Anodizing Aluminum - Science EssayIncorporating Risk and Uncertainty Factor in CapitalDefinition of Export QuotasBionic Assembly System: A New Concept of SelfOpen Architechture a white paperThe Project Managment Office SystemResearch Process Part OneGenetic EngineeringMarketing of Lifeboy Soap A Unilever ProductThree Concepts of PsychodynamicEffects of Television Violence on Children

Counterterrorism vs Civil Liberties

The fall of Hussein’s system denoted the beginning of the backing towards counterterrorism. The war between the United States and the previous Iraqi government had truly cut off the relationship of the two states (Davis, 2002). The war finished with the US as the victor. However the genuine fight has not been begun at this point. There are as yet potential powers that are extremely equipped for pulverizing the world request once more. Osama Bin Laden and his Al Qaeda bunch are not yet caught. Henceforth, there are explanations behind US not to take its eyes off on the chance of another flare-up might be it in the Middle East or wherever in the globe.What Counterterrorism Is? Counterterrorism relates to the procedures and techniques that are equipped against fear based oppression (Howard and Sawyer, 2005). Counterterrorism doesn't confine itself from exclusively being framed and utilized by a specific government. It incorporates all gatherings and segments of the general public . It is difficult to make the support towards counterterrorism without requiring the assistance of different organizations such the business division. Surely, the residents of the state must be all around educated about the extension and confinements of such crusade to get their points of view in regards to it.The battle for counterterrorism begins with an arrangement. In the detailing of the arrangement, different methodologies, strategies, and procedures are additionally evolved to react to fear based oppressor assaults. The arrangement typically incorporates â€Å"special forces† and groups that are legitimately liable for the execution of specific systems against the psychological oppressors (Howard and Sawyer, 2005). In this contemporary period, crusades for counterterrorism are turning out to be predominant in the Western areas as well as in the Eastern and Southern regions.The United States has begun to request bolster structure its partnered nations to appear its arra ngement of battling fear based oppression. US Policy on Counterterrorism As referenced in the presentation, the extraordinary endeavors of the US to fortify its situation against fear mongering began after the September 11 shelling which put the entire of US in enormous outrage. The US drafted a national just as global strategy against psychological warfare. The US Counterterrorism Policy expresses that it emphatically upholds a war against psychological oppression and every single other type of it.The arrangement focused on that the US will overwhelmingly act to vanquish fear monger assaults against the state and the residents (Naftali, 2005). As per the approach, the US government including all its significant offices and organizations will invest extraordinary energy so as to diminish the vulnerabilities of the US on fear based oppression (Naftali, 2005). All the divisions and offices referenced in the arrangement will make sure that the counterterrorism battle of the state is gi ven the most noteworthy need. With the end goal that it will make sure about that the entirety of their territories of duty are shielded from fear monger assaults (Davis, 2002).In expansion, the approach expresses that its usage will be properly and adequately utilized by all US offices and offices by bearing all the expenses of its execution just as creating productive and helpful advancements that can truly contribute in countering psychological oppression (Naftali, 2005). The US Counterterrorism Policy isn't just constrained in the state’s national domain. Indeed, its approach broadens even outside US. It necessitates that nations who house specific psychological oppressor bunches will have the option to participate with them.It is obviously expressed in the strategy that the US government will utilize all way to get fear monger bunches from their host nation regardless of if the last concurs or not. Also, those nations that will not do so would be named as supporters of p sychological oppression hence they will be treated as adversaries of the state. Such is the extent of the US arrangement on counterterrorism (Howard and Sawyer, 2005). Counterterrorism versus Common Liberties The previous or the conventional reconnaissance in the US has been formed into something that which is predominant as far as its exacting execution. However, as we as a whole know, everything that surpasses the ordinary is evil.In US, individuals are supposed to be more made sure about and ensured against any types of brutality especially by psychological warfare (Darmer and Baird, 2004). This is because of the way that the US government offers need to the implementation of the counter psychological oppression or counterterrorism approach. As results, individuals are sure enough of their security any place they are in the globe. In any case, such severity in the counterterrorism approach suggests the decrease of certain common freedoms of its residents. As referenced before, al l US divisions and offices have been told to do their absolute best and to organize the battle against terrorism.By doing as such, individuals would not so much be capable do their thing as how they do it previously. This implies they need to forfeit their a portion of their opportunity (I. e. security) just to guarantee that the approach on counterterrorism isn't being discouraged by anybody or anything (Darmer and Baird, 2004). This is by all accounts dangerous particularly for those supporters of human rights. By actualizing the approach, the legislature has given an immediate authority over the citizen’s life in order to make sure about that there are no dangers of fear based oppression. It might appear to be useful to all since they are being secured by the state.Yet individuals may likewise encounter extreme impedance and mediation from the administration (Howard and Sawyer, 2005). Furthermore, these things are not so much useful for the administration causes silly endu ring on its residents. As announced, there are expanding quantities of human rights casualties in the US whose complaints are brought about by the arrangement on counterterrorism. Moreover, it subverts the government assistance of the individuals as in it gives greater need (I. e. higher sponsorship for military) to the crusade against psychological warfare than giving more assets for training, and social and heath administrations (Darmer and Baird, 2004).References: Darmer, M. K. , and Baird, R. M. (2004). Common Liberties Vs. National Security In A Post 9/11 World . Prometheus Books . Davis, P. K. (2002). Prevention and Influence in Counterterrorism: A Component in the War on Al Qaeda. RAND Corporation . Howard, R. D. , and Sawyer, R. L. (2005). Fear mongering and Counterterrorism: Understanding the New Security Environment, Readings and Interpretations (second ed. ). McGraw Hill/Dushkin. Naftali, T. (2005). Vulnerable side: The Secret History of American Counterterrorism . Amazon Remainders Account .

MBA Admissions Cornell Johnson and Management Consulting

This post about Cornell Johnson and management consulting is part of a series of interviews of top MBA programs called â€Å"MBA Career Goals and the B-Schools that Support Them. Please subscribe to our blog to ensure that you receive all the interviews exploring the elements at each school that support career goals in finance, consulting, general management, entrepreneurship, marketing and more. Here is the interview with  the Career Management Center team at Cornell Johnson. What kind of background and skills do you like to see in applicants expressing interest in a career in consulting? Specific background is of lesser importance than possessing transferrable skills and the ability to translate why consulting makes sense as a next step. With that said, prior consulting, banking, and/or strategy roles make for a less challenging transition. What aspects of your curriculum do you feel are best suited to students who want to eventually pursue a career in consulting? The General Management nature of Johnson is highly beneficial, since consultants will face a variety of pressing business issues across a wide spectrum of functions and industries. More specifically, Johnson’s Consulting Passport curriculum is essential to successful transition into the consulting industry. While the Passport is technically not part of the Academic Curriculum, it is nonetheless important. The Consulting Passport is a coordinated combination of lectures, mock interviews, and small group work provided by Career Advisors, Consulting Club, Career Work Group Leaders (2nd Year MBAs) and alumni in the consulting industry. Other courses that are strongly recommended are: Management Cases Cases in Business Strategy Management Practicum Which school clubs and extra-curricular events are most relevant to people interested in consulting? Consulting Club would be most relevant. For those seeking to better understand through experiential learning, I would recommend Big Red Consulting (BRC), the student-run consulting firm. However, membership in a more social club is recommended to demonstrate that the candidate is well rounded. Since â€Å"consulting† is a very broad term, can you break down some of the some of the sub-categories in the field that you feel the Johnson School excels in? Johnson’s traditional strength is in Management Consulting, basically Strategy and Operations Consulting. Another strength area is in Financial Advisory, although a smaller portion of the class also seeks out roles in Boutique, Industry-specific, and Technology Consulting Firms. Which consulting firms recruit at Cornell Johnson? How many graduates of your 2010 class received offers from each of these firms? McKinsey, Bain, Deloitte, Accenture, PWC, Ernst Young, PRTM, Easton Associates, and Infosys typically recruit at Cornell Johnson.   36 offers were extended to the class of 2010 from consulting firms.   An additional 8 offers were extended for internal consulting roles.

Choosing between AP and IB an In-Depth Guide

Structural Differences between the AP and IB Exams I went to the International Academy (IA), which, for two years, was ranked the number one public high school in America by USA Today. As a metric, they used the number of IB or AP tests each student took. My high school was an all IB school, one of the first in the country, and as an IB school, it required every student to take 6 IBs. IB stands for International Baccalaureate. It is an alternative to AP, or advanced placement that is more prevalent in American public schools. However IB, as suggested by the name, is more internationally recognized. Over 4000 schools from around the world follow the IB curriculum, whereas AP was created by College Board and is primarily active in the United States and Canada. As more and more schools begin to offer the IB curriculum, parents and students should be aware of the differences between the two programs. In this blog, I will do my best to sum up those differences. A tangent: What’s it like going to the number one high school in America? In case you’re curious-- it was not very fancy. The building itself used to be an elementary school before it was converted, hence it was small. My class was 100 people and there were a total of 400 students in the school. To enroll, each prospective student had to take a test and if you made a certain cutoff, your name was put into a lottery and from a bin of hundreds of names, one hundred were chosen. So not only did you have to demonstrate caliber, you also had to be lucky. There were also no school sports, meaning no football, basketball, swimming, etc. To do sports, students had to go through their home school, that is their district school. The closest thing to sports was robotics. The second closest was Science Olympiad. I was on the robotics team for three years and Science Olympiad for all four. There was no such thing as homecoming or dances, really. We did have prom but it was not a big affair as the week after we would all have to file into the cafeteria and take our IB exams. Don’t get me wrong. I had a lot of fun at IA, possibly more fun than I had at college. But it was still a high-pressure environment, filled with a bunch of competitive kids. Now back to those differences. Structural Differences between the AP and IB Exams Big picture: Diploma Program vs. A La Carte Learning The IB program is a diploma program, meaning that at the end of high school, students not only get a high school diploma but also an IB diploma. The appeal of this, for me at least, was not high. I have yet to take out my IB diploma and show people. I actually have no idea where the physical diploma is. But the idea behind the diploma is the core of the IB program. All the IB coursework is interconnected. For my school, we were required to take 6 IBs, one of which had to be a foreign language, two of which had to be a science and one of which had to be math. The goal of the IB is to give the student a comprehensive education. The AP program, on the other hand, has no unifying core. A student can sign up for as many or as few AP courses as he/she wants. The more AP courses you take, the more demanding your schedule becomes, but each course lasts 1 year as opposed to 2 for the IB. There are also no set requirements for how many AP’s a student should take. Each AP is its own individual course and can stand-alone. Whereas at my IB school, all the teachers were expected to work together to create curriculums that reinforced one another (i.e. there was no point in teaching calculus based physics to students who were in math SL and had not yet gotten to calculus), AP teachers make no such promises. If you are taking AP physics C, you better know calculus beforehand, or the year will be extremely difficult. Subject Areas: 37 AP courses vs. Standard/Higher Level IB Currently, College Board offers 37 different AP courses. Some topics like biology or chemistry have only 1 course dedicated to them. But physics alone has 4 different APs and math has 2. For the IB, there are fewer distinctions within each subject area. There is only IB math, chemistry, physics, English, history, etc. But within each topic, the student has a choice of doing it SL (standard level) or HL (higher level). At my school, we were required to take 4 HL courses and 2 SL. I choose math, chemistry, physics and English as my HL’s, and French and history as my SL’s. In addition to these, we were required to take one semester of IB philosophy. Some of my friends took more than 6 IBs. Some of my friends took IB further math, which was math beyond linear algebra and into proofs, competition level math . Some of my friends took an additional science, meaning all three—biology, chemistry and physics. However taking 7 IBs was incredibly challenging. Each IB course is 2 years. So for two years, you would have 7 primary classes a day, in addition to the philosophy class and other semester long classes (gym, health, economics.) An aside: my gym class wasn’t even called gym. It was called Adventures Challenge. Instead of dodge ball, we did obstacle courses in body harnesses. We talked about teamwork. In terms of actual physical fitness, the class was a joke but it did bring a group of diverse kids together over problem solving games. Time commitment: Short term vs. long term Because there is no underlying structure to the AP, you can really take as many as you want and I have heard some students taking upwards of 14 AP’s because each AP boils down to a test. For students who go to schools that only offer AP, taking as many AP’s is the norm because it can show a certain set of schools (probably the Ivies), how high achieving the students are. Since all top colleges demand that the applicants show rigor in their coursework, some students will take as many AP’s as they can, to prove that they can (not the best reason, but oh well.) The core of the AP program boils down to one test, taken at the end of the academic year, usually May. You don’t even have to take an AP class to take the test. You can simply sign up for the test and show up. So really the AP program is not so much a curriculum as it is a tougher (much tougher) version of the SAT subject tests. But IB’s are class based. You have to take both class AND test to qualify for the diploma. Taking 14 IBs is unheard of. Can you imagine? Taking 14 two yearlong courses? First you would run out of topics to study and second you would probably perish from stress. I also don’t even know a school that offers that many IBs. Aside: some advice If you are at a school that doesn’t offer many APs and you really are gunning for a top school, I suggest that you study for APs independently. Self-studying looks great on your resume too! It shows that you REALLY challenged yourself. No college will hold the academic level of your school against you but if you demonstrate self-sufficiency, colleges love that. Personally, I took the AP biology test without taking a class. To learn the material, I just spent every Saturday morning reading this. I did this because I wanted to learn more biology but didn’t want to dedicated 2 years of coursework to it. I liked chem and physics and math more, so my course load was already full. Another aside: yes, I was a complete nerd. But I was not alone. To find more like me, you only need to go on collegeconfidential.com. There you will find thousands of students posting their stats and colleges that they are aiming for. Then other students will comment on their likelihood of being admitting. I, along with lots of my IA friends, spent our free time browsing this site, comparing our stats to that of the others and figuring out our own likelihoods. Then at lunch, we conferenced about our findings. In hindsight, we were an insane bunch of kids. Test schedule: One exam vs. Three Papers/Tests As I have said before, each AP course comes down to one test. The College Board does not care what you got in the class; it only cares about how you did on the exam. The exams range from two to three hours and are broken up into two parts. The first part primarily consists of multiple-choice answers. The second part is free response. Certain APs, like History or English, will require you to write long essays, while the science and math APs may require show your-work kind of problems. But the general idea behind each AP is after you take the test, you are done, you will not have to sit down for that subject area again. The IB exam schedule looks something like this. Just looking at this schedule makes me wonder how I ever did it†¦and then later thought it wasn’t actually that bad. This schedule is set by an international committee. For three weeks at the end of senior year, each IB student will take 18 exams that cover the 6 subjects of their choice. This is because each IB subject has three papers (aka tests), spread out over the 3 weeks. So if you take Math HL like I did, your first exam is the morning of May 12th, then the second exam is in the afternoon of 13th, then the third exam is in the afternoon of the 21st. Now factor in all of your other 5 subjects. The three papers of each subject cover different topics but do not necessarily increase in difficulty. The first two might cover the foundational topics, whereas the third covers optional topics that your IB teacher (hopefully) should have gone over in class. The major bummer about the IB is the examination schedule. It is at the end of senior year and all you want to do is have fun. But no. You must take 18 exams in a row. You may not be done with one subject until 3 weeks later. You may still be studying throughout the 3 weeks (I was. IB French was not my strength. Nor was IB history.) For 3 weeks, morning and afternoon, you are in the same room with the same group of kids. You also can’t staple any of your pages. You have to use this plastic toggle that easily comes apart. I have no idea how I got through that. But the moment I finished my last exam, I went home and slept for two days. Test scoring: One exam vs. Three Papers/Tests Grading for the exams is slightly different. The AP goes from a 1 to 5 scale, the IB a 1 to 7. 5 is the highest AP score whereas 7 is the highest IB. The AP subject score is based on one test, the IB on all three papers (so you can’t bomb one and hope to be okay.) Because the AP is based on an individual subject, each subject score is assessed by itself. To earn the IB diploma, you need at least 24 points from all of your tests combined. If you do the math, that means you need to earn at least a 4 on all 6 subjects tests. Earning a 7 was not incredibly difficult but it was difficult enough. In our class of a hundred, less than five were able to score a 7 on the IB Chem HL exam. But those who did earned a place on our chemistry teacher’s wall of extraordinary chemists. Content Differences AP vs. IB: What versus how The AP focuses on what. The IB focuses on how. From what I recall, the AP Biology test was essentially recall. I had to read a certain amount of materials and then I had to rewrite it on the page. There was thinking involved of course but very little critical thinking, that is being given a completely new set of information and then asked to analyze it. There was none of that. There was, for instance, infer what mode of inheritance this gene is from the pedigree tree, but then nothing beyond. Other AP exams such as chemistry or physics or math do involve more critical thinking as the student is required to solve individual problems and show work. AP English and history also require you to write essays on the spot. However, there are also a number of test prep companies out that that specifically cater to the AP and pump out thousands of mock questions at a time. Many of my AP friends studied from these books and found that the actual test mirrored versions of the ones they took for practice. A bummer about the IB is that there are no test prep books on them. This is probably because the IB is not so much test based as course based. The IB student relies heavily on the IB teacher. IB teachers go through extensive training to understand the curriculum of their subject inside and out. Teachers are given the practice materials and old exams. Students might be able to torrent old exams online but it is actually very difficult (I know. I tried.) As a result each IB exam feels familiar but not entirely predictable. I might have recognized 30% of the question in terms of content but then had to stitch together the latter 70% on the test day. If I had to sum up content differences, it would be this: Critical thinking is important for AP but essential for IB Breadth of knowledge is important for AP but breadth and depth of knowledge is important for the IB. AP is content driven. IB is process driven. The AP cares about the right answer. The IB cares about how you got the right answer (hence why all those pages of scrap work you have to toggle together.) Back to the time commitment thing... Remember when I said that AP is short term and IB is long term? This is so true that I want to double back and give you more details. If you an AP student, after the test you are DONE. Completely. It is a one test, one score system. College board does not factor in what you got in the care nor does college board care. If you are an IB student, however, you are not just looking at 18 exams aad 2 years of heavy coursework. The IB also requires that you take that semester of philosophy (aptly named the theory of knowledge or TOK) and write a 1600 word TOK essay on topics like to what extent are areas of knowledge shaped by their past, or evaluate whether there is such a thing as a neutral question, or to what extent do you believe that facts and theories can overlap. In addition to TOK and the essay, IB students are required to do a creative, activity, service project (CAS). This could either be 50 hours of community service or a creative endeavor like starting and running your own club or going on an extended summer trip to help an impoverished country build schools. You get the point. In addition to CAS and TOK, IB students are finally required to write a 4000 word extended essay. This is like a mini high school thesis on a topic of your choice. I chose physics and spent a summer studying 2D metal frameworks at Baylor University. Then I wrote up my results. Usually the student is paired with a teacher-mentor who suggests possible projects and then the student spends their junior summer researching and writing. Now that I am writing my PhD dissertation, I look back at the 4000-word requirement and have to laugh. I was freaking out at the time but now I wish I could only write 4000 words and be done. Nevertheless, for a high school student, a 4000-word essay is still very intimidating, especially if it is based on an original idea! Summary Table! So to sum the key differences, I thought what better way than a table slash bulleted list slash bulleted list table! The big question, if I went back would I still have done IB? Absolutely. What I liked most about the IB was that I didn’t have to think much about what classes I needed to take to stand out for colleges. Many AP students felt that they needed to take Calc BC or physics C 1 and 2, etc, etc. I didn’t have to fret about those choices because I could just pick the IB physics HL track and be set coursework wise for the next 2 years. Then I had head space for other things. The IB’s level of comprehensive learning is still truly astounding for me. I still remember everything that my IB physics teacher taught me and use some of the same methods to teach my current students about MCAT physics. My IB chemistry teacher was also phenomenal and from him, I was able to gain a much deeper understanding of general chemistry that could not even be matched at the college I eventually went to. Recently, I have even taken out my IB math notes for my graduate level statistic class. Perusing through my notes, I still cannot believe that I was doing this stuff as a high schooler. Final words For me at least, the debate between the AP and the IB is not really a debate as it is not really a fair comparison. The AP tests individual topics. The IB is an entire curriculum. By signing up for the IB, you are signing up for a different way of learning. Yes, there are tests, but there is much more beyond these tests. By the time an IB student gets to the tests, he or she will have already become a well-rounded student. One thing I want to re-emphasize is that the AP exams are great for students who really want to highlight a knowledge area that is not offered at their school. In schools that don’t offer any APs, a gifted student can still stand out by signing up for an AP exam in another district, whereas no student can take the IB without the proper set of teachers and resources. ;

Analysis Of The Infinite Nature Of God - 1499 Words

Cleanthes’ argument from design in ‘Dialogues concerning Natural Religion’ is trying to prove that there is a deity which exists and which is similar to humans in our mind and intelligence. This argument from design can be dated back to Plato and later, Aquinas in the ‘Summa Theologica’. Cleanthes However, Cleanthes’ argument does not fully prove that the deity is a theological Christian God as it does not prove his omniscience and his omnipotent nature shown in biblical texts. The infinite nature of God is also unstable as it is not fully proven and therefore can easily be criticised. The argument is therefore providing a necessary but not sufficient condition for a theological God. Cleanthes argument is structured with two propositions which lead to a logical conclusion. The first proposition is that things made by us seem to have a specific purpose which suggests a creator. This is followed by the universe appearing to have a purpose so therefore the universe must have a creator. 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